Mycoplasma genitalium in women

Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium that can cause various symptoms in women. The bacterium can cause inflammation of the cervix and, in some cases, spread further to the uterus or fallopian tubes. Nevertheless, many women do not realize they are infected.

Because the symptoms are very similar to those of chlamydia or gonorrhoea, a laboratory test is needed to determine whether Mycoplasma genitalium is the cause.

What is Mycoplasma genitalium?

Mycoplasma genitalium is a bacterial STD that can infect the mucous membranes of the reproductive organs.

In women, the bacterium is usually found in the cervix or urethra. Without treatment, the infection can sometimes spread further to the internal reproductive organs.

Symptoms of Mycoplasma genitalium in women

Many women do not develop symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Changes in or increased vaginal discharge.
• Pain or a burning sensation during urination.
• Lower abdominal pain.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Bleeding after sex.
• Intermenstrual bleeding.

These symptoms can also be caused by other STDs or vaginal infections. Therefore, further investigation is necessary.

Can you be infected without symptoms?

Yes. A large proportion of women with Mycoplasma genitalium do not notice any symptoms of the infection.

Despite the absence of symptoms, the bacterium can still be transmitted to a sexual partner.

Are there any potential complications?

If an infection is not treated, the bacterium can in some cases ascend to the uterus and fallopian tubes.

This can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Untreated PID can affect fertility and increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

When should you get tested?

Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium is advisable when:

• You have symptoms consistent with an STD.
• A sexual partner has tested positive.
• Symptoms persist after other STDs have been ruled out.
• A doctor suspects that Mycoplasma genitalium is the cause.

The bacterium is not routinely screened for in every STD test.

How is Mycoplasma genitalium diagnosed?

The bacterium is detected with a PCR test on a vaginal swab, a cervical swab, or a urine sample.

This laboratory test is very reliable when performed at the correct time.

How is the infection treated?

Mycoplasma genitalium is treated with antibiotics. The choice of treatment depends, among other things, on the likelihood of antibiotic resistance.

Always complete the prescribed course of treatment and inform recent sexual partners if an infection has been diagnosed.

Can you get reinfected?

Yes. A previous infection does not provide protection against a new infection.

Safe sex and informing sexual partners help to prevent reinfection.

Frequently asked questions about Mycoplasma genitalium in women

Do women always experience symptoms?

No. Many women do not notice an infection.

Can Mycoplasma genitalium affect fertility?

If the infection remains untreated and causes pelvic inflammatory disease, this can affect fertility.

Is Mycoplasma genitalium routinely tested for?

No. The bacterium is usually only investigated when there is a medical reason to do so.

Is the infection treatable?

Yes. With the right antibiotics, Mycoplasma genitalium is usually treatable.

Can I get reinfected?

Yes. A previous infection does not provide lasting protection.

Get symptoms checked in time

Mycoplasma genitalium does not always cause symptoms, but it can lead to complications if left untreated. Do you have persistent symptoms consistent with an STD or has a partner tested positive? Discuss with a doctor whether a test for Mycoplasma genitalium is advisable. Timely diagnosis helps to prevent complications and further spread of the bacterium.