Genital herpes

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The infection can cause symptoms such as painful blisters and sores on or around the genitals, but many people do not realize they are infected.

After infection, the herpes virus remains in the body for life. This does not mean that you constantly have symptoms. Many people only experience outbreaks occasionally, while others never develop noticeable symptoms.

What is genital herpes?

Genital herpes is usually caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which often causes cold sores, can also be transmitted to the genitals during oral sex.

After the initial infection, the virus remains present in a nerve ganglion. At a later time, it can become active again, leading to a new outbreak.

How do you get genital herpes?

Genital herpes is transmitted through direct skin or mucous membrane contact with someone carrying the virus.

Infection can occur during:

• Vaginal sex.
• Anal sex.
• Oral sex.
• Direct contact with blisters or sores.

The virus can also be transmitted when no visible blisters are present. This is called asymptomatic viral shedding.

What are the symptoms of genital herpes?

Not everyone experiences symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they often include:

• Itching or a burning sensation.
• Small painful blisters.
• Sores after the blisters have opened.
• Pain during urination.
• Swollen lymph nodes.
• Flu-like symptoms during a first outbreak.

The first outbreak is usually more severe than subsequent outbreaks.

When should you get tested for genital herpes?

It is advisable to get tested if you have blisters, sores, or other symptoms consistent with genital herpes. If a sexual partner has herpes, it is also advisable to discuss your situation with a doctor.

In the absence of symptoms, testing is not always standard. The decision for further examination depends on your personal situation.

How is genital herpes diagnosed?

If blisters or sores are present, a doctor can take a sample for laboratory testing. This can determine whether the herpes simplex virus is present.

In some situations, additional blood tests may be considered, but these are not always suitable for diagnosing a recent infection.

How is genital herpes treated?

The herpes virus cannot be removed from the body. However, antiviral medications are available that can shorten the duration of an outbreak and reduce symptoms.

For people who frequently experience outbreaks, a doctor may recommend long-term treatment to help prevent new outbreaks.

Can you prevent genital herpes?

The risk of infection can be reduced by using condoms and avoiding sexual contact during an active outbreak.

Because the virus can also be transmitted without visible symptoms, no measure offers complete protection.

Frequently asked questions about genital herpes

Is genital herpes an STI?

Yes. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Can you have genital herpes without symptoms?

Yes. Many people never realize they are infected.

Can genital herpes be cured?

No. The virus remains present for life, but the symptoms are usually treatable.

Can you have multiple outbreaks?

Yes. The virus can become active again later, leading to new outbreaks.

How do I know for sure if I have genital herpes?

If you have symptoms, laboratory testing can confirm whether it is genital herpes.

Are you in doubt? Get tested

Genital herpes is a common STI that does not always immediately cause symptoms. Do you have blisters, sores, or a burning sensation around the genitals? Then get tested. A timely diagnosis makes it possible to treat the symptoms and reduce the chance of transmission to a partner.